Glossary of Cross-Cultural Communication Terminology | Part Three
- Language — verbal, systematic, and symbolic communication
- Laws — rules and regulations that are enforced by the state
- Levirate marriage — an arrangement by which if a man dies childless, his brother marries the widow
- Mana — supernatural nonpersonalized forces in animistic religions
- Marriage — a pattern of norms and customs that define and control the relationship between a man and a woman, designating them as legitimate sex partners
- Matrilineal descent — descent traced through the mother’s line
- Matrilocal residence — a living arrangement in which a couple live with the wife’s family
- Mechanism — arrangements of media designed to transmit or modify the application of power, force, or motion
- Media — tools used to transmit matter or energy through space while preserving their essential qualities
- Medical anthropology — the application of cultural criteria to the practice of medicine and response to medical, clinical, and educational practices
- Moiety — the division of a tribe into two groups, based on birth
- Monogamy — a marriage arrangement in which each individual has only one mate
- Mores — social norms of a moral nature
- Mutually exclusive — groups in which membership in one group precludes membership in the other group
- Neolocal residence — an arrangement by which a couple lives apart from both partners’ families and sets up a new household
- Noninclusive groups — groups in which joint membership is neither precluded nor requisite
- Nonverbal communication — the process by which a message is sent and received through any one or more of the sense channels, without the use of spoken language
- Norms — regular and accepted patterns of behavior
- Nuclear family — a husband and wife and their immature children
- Overlapping groups — groups in which membership in one group does not preclude membership in the other group or groups
- Parallel cousin — the child of one’s parent’s same-sex sibling
- Participant observation — systematic observation while participating in a society
- Patrilineal descent — descent traced through the father’s line
- Patrilocal residence — a living arrangement in which a couple live with the husband’s family
- Peasant economies — subsocieties of a larger stratified society that is either preindustrial or semiindustrial
- Phratry — a group of two or more clans held together either by kinship or mutual interest
- Polyandry — a marriage arrangement in which a female has more than one husband
- Polygamy — a marriage arrangement in which a person has multiple mates
- Polygyny — a marriage arrangement in which a male has more than one wife
- Primary group — a small, intimate, and informal group
- Primogeniture — a system of inheritance in which the family’s wealth and position is passed on to the first-born son
- Proximic communication — transmission of messages that utilizes space
- Quasi-experimental design — a methodology similar to that of using an experimental design but in which the researcher cannot control all the factors
- Rationalization — a psychological defense process by which an individual recasts a difficult situation into one that is acceptable
- Religion — the shared beliefs and belief practices of a people. These may or may not be supernatural in character
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